The White Tiger

 Thinking Activity

Hello readers! 

     Welcome to my blog, here this blog is the part of academic study, the novel 'The white Tiger' by Arvind Adiga is the part of our syllabus, so we have had various discussion on this as well as movie screening of 'The White Tiger' which is recently released on Netflix. One another movie which is also help to understand some issue which is reflect in this novel. Our sir has already gave some points to ponder upon so, let's begin.... 

   First of all  we should have to start with the brief introduction of the novel 'The White Tiger' as well about the author Arvind Adiga. 

# About the novel ' The White Tiger'

The White Tiger is the debut novel by Indian author Aravind Adiga. It was first published in 2008 and won the 40th Man Booker Prize in the same year.The novel provides a darkly humorous perspective of India's class struggle in a globalized world as told through a retrospective narration from Balram Halwai, a village boy. In detailing Balram's journey first to Delhi, where he works as a chauffeur to a rich landlord, and then to Bangalore, the place to which he flees after killing his master and stealing his money, the novel examines issues of the Hindu religion, caste, loyalty, corruption and poverty in India.Ultimately, Balram transcends his sweet-maker caste and becomes a successful entrepreneur, establishing his own taxi service. In a nation proudly shedding a history of poverty and underdevelopment, he represents, as he himself says, "tomorrow."

                                      

# Author: Arvind Adiga

    Aravind Adiga (born 23 October 1974) is an Indian writer and journalist. His debut novel, The White Tiger, won the 2008 Man Booker Prize.

# The India represented in the novel The White Tiger :

     Yes, I am agree that, we can see the image of India or the represention of India in this novel, there were to types of class rich and poor, poor class people have not opportunity, which rich people already have,  this is very true which is represented in this novel for example protagonist of this novel Balram halwai, who is already in poor class, can't even get schooling even he got scholarship to go in Delhi for further education, because of family condition not well his father have not money to pay political leaders of their village. While on the another side the political leader's son Mr. Ashok, who has all the ways, he can do whatever he want but can't use it. So we can said that in India there are many people who still suffer from poverty, and can't do whatever they what because of financial problems. 

     

  The situation of village in this novel also represented the india, the india, of course not in the developed countries, but still the situation of village life is also depicted alot like join family, where one of the member can't take decision if individual as represented by Balram, he want to became driver of Mr. Ashok, for this he has to take permission of his granny ma for this with a bunch of promises, this is also a part of join family in India about dependency. While, if we discuss about the image of indian village, there were no facilities for villagers like communing system, there were no vehicle in good number, of this is not only one problem, there is so many facilities which the normally villagers can't get. 

   The political leaders in this novel represented the image of India. Political leaders in this novel remains in power power position. There were not any government officer or employees to handle the village well but I stead of that there is only political leaders to handle the village and they are treated villagers not well. They behaves likes they are in power positions, and that's perhaps true that the Indian society has required good authorities to developed villagers and village areas not political leaders. 

# Do you believe that Balram's story is the archetype of all stories of 'rags to riches' 

   Yes, I  believe that Balram's story is the archetype of all stories of ' rags to riches', because it's whole story is based on this how he was poor or came from poor background and at the very end of the novel he became the success entrepreneur and became rich person. From the very beginning of the novel, the protagonist of the novel Balram Halwai is came from poor background, Halwai means a sweet maker, even he can't complete his schooling because of poor financial condition of his family in addition the death of his father because of illness and not get hospital cure, this is also represent the poor background. In his futher journey still he is working as a driver an face many problems, and also in a trap of blame of killing the child on an accident, an he realized that this is not his secured life and he done murdered of his master and at the very end of the novel he became a success entrepreneur and we can see this novel as the story of an archetype of all stories of 'rags to reached. 

# Review of the Netflix film adaption of 'The White Tiger'

   Initial release: 13 January 2021

Director: Ramin Bahrani

Screenplay: Ramin Bahrani

Producers: Priyanka Chopra , Ramin Bahrani, Mukul Deora, Ava DuVernay. 

Languages: Hindi, English

 

 From the very beginning of the movie the first scene is very significant, initially we have to see on car driving scene and their normal talk, but also camera focus the statue of Gandhi and his March, so from the very beginning it's represent we gave to understand more by this, that not to be followers but be leaders. This is the first scene of the movie killing of child on road by Pinky ma'am. 

    But the whole movie is narrated by Balram as a success entrepreneur in banglore how he was blamed for killing the child even he is not driving at that time, this is done by Pinky ma'am as above frame he said this all things. How was his journey from poor/subaltern  treatment to succeed entrepreneur. 

      The eyes of the world are watching as these two economics superpowers meets, and now he was also reach at top level of richness from poverty. 

Testing and Evaluation

 # Thinking Activity

Hello readers! 

   Welcome to my blog, here I would like to present about validity and reliability of test as well as practicality of the test. Brief view point on backwash. And also about difference between assessment and evaluation and how can we define good assessment. So let's discuss.... 

#Validity and reliability of the test

#Validity

    The term validity refers to whether or not a test measure what it I tends to measure. 

     On a test with high validity the items will be closely linked to the test's intended focus. For many certification and licensure tests this means that the items will be highly related to a specific job or occupation. If a test has poor validity then it does not measure the job-related content and competencies it ought to. 

    There are several ways to estimate the validity of a test, including content validity, construct validity, criterion related validity and face validity. 

• content: related to objectives and their sampling
• Construct: referring to the theory underlying the target
• Criterion: related to concrete criteria in the real world. It can be concurrent or predictive. 
• Concurrent: correlating high with another measure already validated. 
• Predictive:  capable of anticipating some later measure. 
• Face: related to the test overall appearance. 

# Reliability

   

      Reliability is the extent to which an experiment, test, or any measuring procedure shows the same result on repeated trials. Without the agreement of independent observers able to replicate research procedures, or the ability to use research tools and procedures that produce consistent measurements, researchers would be unable to satisfactorily draw conclusions, formulate theories, or make claims about the generalizability of their research. For researchers, four key types of reliability are... 

• Equivalency: related to the co-occurrence of two items. 
• Stability: related to time consistency. 
• Internal: related to the instruments
• Inter-rater: related to the examiner's criterion
• Intra-rater: related to the examiners criterion

# Practicality of test

  # Backwash

  The way in which examinations influence teaching and learning is commonly describe as "washback" Or "backwash".

    

 Definitions of backwash:

      The notion of  "backwash" is prevalent in language teaching and testing literature, but it is seldom found in dictionaries. Some writers used the term "washback" to describe the effects or influences brought by tests or examinations. 

" The effect of testing on teaching and learning " Is known as backwash- Hughes

  After reviewing definitions of washback, the term can be defined according to two major perspective: one at a micro level, and the other at a wider and more holistic view beyond the classroom at a macro level. 

#Difference between assessment and evaluation

Assessment : Assessment focuses on learning, teaching and outcomes. it provides information for improving learning and teaching. assessement is an interactive process between students and faculy that informs faculty how well their students are learning what they are teaching.the information is used by faculty to make changes in the learning and study habits. this information is learner-centered, course based, frequently anonymous,and not graded.

Evaluation : Evaluation focuses on grades and may reflect classroom components other than cousecontent and mastery level. these could include discussion, cooperation, attendance,and verbal ability.

The table below summarizes key differences between assessment and evaluation.

#How do you define good assessment?

First of all the good assessment can be considered which is think about the Clear and Appropriate Learning Targets. WHAT do we want to assess? What knowledge, skills, reasoning ability, products, and habits of mind are essential for student success? Do students understand what is expected of them? Is the knowledge or skill that students are expected to demonstrate in the assessment influenced by cultural and linguistic factors?

Teaching language through literature

 Thinking Activity

Hello Readers! 

    Welcome to my blog, here I would like to share how can we teach language through literature, of course literature can be in various form like Novel, short stories, poem, play, and movies and short video also a part of literature. Again we may have question like why teach literature for language teaching? Then it has various aspects like it can lead to an overall development of personality through role plays and other interactive activities. 

    # what sort of activities or tasks can be designed to teach language using a 'poem'

 # Design pre-tasks, while-tasks and post-tasks

• designing activities that would lead-in to the thematic concern of the poem

• design pre-activities that relates to the life of the reader

• design ‘comprehension check’ activities for while-reading design reading comprehension, grammar and vocabulary activities for post-teaching

So, through this using Review games, we can teach comprehension, grammar,and vocabulary activities that's is useful in post-teaching task. So,through this game students can develop their vocabulary as well as they can development their language grasps also.

  We can also use this types of blanks to learn language through poetry. 

# what sort of activities and tasks can be designed to teach language using a film videos 

      For teaching language we can use 'film's and ' videos' because it,can present complete communicative situations combining visual and aural inputs.

The film and videos can show communicative situations in a certain context and not in isolation and also can be especially useful for slower learners since paralinguistic features present can augment aural cues.

    Now, due to technologies, videos now can be edited and other 'tricks' performed, since they are generally interesting, can be motivational for language learning. 

      It's also offers a large variety of language learning situations, e.g.films, plays, quizzes, animations, news etc. However, in language learning situation, all such viewing should be structured by tasks. 

# what sort of activities and tasks can be designed to teach language using a 'novel'

    

  Novel is a very effective way of building vocabulary and developing reading comprehension skills to learn language. 

  We can also use  use strip cartoon to novelistic actions like.. 

Showing relationships within the text	can be done through comparing cohesive devices can be done through comparing the relationships between characters (family charts) comparing sense activities; e.g. what sense-impressions do you associate with each place : in teaching novels of class difference, or city-village conflict, or movement within the same space
Building up a labelled map of journeys in the story	especially if the story involves a lot of travelling (very common in novels)
Building up a time-chart of the action	what is the period of the novelistic action?
Building up research resources	asking the students to consult critics and what they say and then put them up on the class notice board for sharing
Building up a strip cartoon of the novelistic action	You could do this if you are good at drawing or you may ask a dedicated colleague or friend to do this for you
Ask your students to play the role of novel characters and then interview them about their intentions and decisions	Tell the students the basic outline of the story and ask them to assume roles; this could be very interesting
Writing a letter to the novelist or the publisher	Expressing opinions, agreements and disagreements
Recitation	asking students to read aloud passages assuming the role of the characters
Asking students to write an advertisement	developing creative skills since the students have to think about which points to highlight and how to design the ad.
Theme poems of "part of books	Create a poem by using 4 or 5 sentences from one page and then ask the students to interpret it

Chetan Bhagat's One night @ call centre

 Thinking Activity

Hello readers! 

   Welcome to my blog, here I would like to write this blog on one of the novel by Chetan Bhagat " One night@call centre. There are some points to ponder upon, which is given by sir. 

#Brief introduction of writer

# Chetan Bhagat

       Chetan Bhagat is an Indian author and columnist. He was included in Time magazine's list of World's 100 Most Influential People in 2010. Bhagat graduated in mechanical engineering at IIT Delhi and completed a master's of business administration degree at IIM Ahmedabad.

# One Night centre@ The Call Centre

   One Night @ the Call Center is a novel written by Chetan Bhagat and first published in 2005. The novel revolves around a group of six call center employees working at the Connexions call center in Gurgaon, Haryana, India.

    Here are some points to ponder upon like... 

# Globalization in One Night @ Call Centre

   If we look at the meaning of this term "Globalization" Then we can find, Globalization, or globalisation, is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. Globalization has accelerated since the 18th century due to advances in transportation and communication technology. The same as this point is applicable for this novel because this novel is set on one call center at Hydrabad, India and All the six characters Shyam, Vroom, Esha, Radhika, Priyanka, Military Uncle works in a call centre where they have to talk with foreigners on call whole night. They are helping foreigners in fixing problem of home appliances. They are connecting with global world and work as an human resource, sharing Ideas.

# Self help book and On@tcc 

 Self - Help means self - guided improvement - economically , intellectually or emotionally , often with a substantial psychological basis. A self - help book is one that is written with the intention to instruct its readers on solving personal problem.

 God or Inner call that about intelligence , self - confidence or failure in life. Remember the ' Reverse Gear ' and make friendship with adversity.

  We have to finds solution for problem. In the novel characters finds solutions for thier problems. Thus it is self-help book. 

# Narrative structure of on@tcc

 

 There is unreliable narrative structure in the novel because from the very beginning the story is narrated by a strange woman to Chetan Bhagat in the train. Then she forced him to write it as his second book without mentioning her name. Chetan Bhagat then write story and used one character Shyam for narration. In this way it becomes unreliable.

There is similarity of narrative structure between Life of Pi and One Night @call centre. In the life of Pi, the protagonist told the story to the writer, just like the woman in the train telling story to Chetan Bhagat. There are two stories being told and it was upon the writer that which they select to write, the one is with God or the one without God. In both the cases the writer chose to write story with God.

# Popular literature and  on@tcc

popular literature has this kind of structure of the works. In the one night at the call center shows the solutions of the problems through character of God. It has not intellectual solution of problems. Then she forced him to write it as his second book without mentioning her name. Chetan Bhagat then write story and used one character Shyam for narration. In this way it becomes unreliable.