Compare and contrast characteristics of renaissance age with other ages.

Poetics:Aristotle

        Yes,  l agree with plato's objection to freedom of expression and artistic liberty enjoyed by creative writers.

There are three main objection of plato.

first one is the moral point of of view plato believed that moral point of view should be required by any literary work. That's why this work became valuable and useful for reader.
 
Second one is that  Educational point of view.  He objected on the ground that poetry doesn't cultivate good habits among children.

Third one is that objection from philosophical point of view. Philosophy deals with idea and poetry is twice removed from original idea.

There are many  novels, plays,  movies, t.v. soaps etc, which can be rightfully objected and banned with reference, for example spiderman, balveer.
  

  Bhabhi ji Ghar par Hain written by Manoj santoshi  and Directed by shashank bali. In this show we can not get any moral, educational and philosophical point of jokes and comedy.

Ans:2
    Othello the literary text which

l have studied during B. A.  Programme which followed Aristotlion literary tradition.

 The concept of tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitudemagnitude; in the language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament,  the  several kinds being found in seperate parts of the play, pity and fear effecting the proper. The form of action, these are seriously followed in othello.

     As the stating of the play othello an action that is serious,  complete and of certain magnitude, in the language as well as reader feels pity and fear.

Catharsis:
    A catharsis is an emotional and discharge through which one can achieve astute of moral or spiritual renewal. In othello it is used for the cleaning of the character othello.

    The term 'pity' and 'fear' are closely connected in Aristotle theory.  There are different types of fear.  Fear can be centered on individual, in the form of some vague feeling of insecurity and anxiety.


Tragic hero with hamartia:

     Aristotle uses one term 'hamartia'.
 The play Othello wich I have study during B.A. programme the hero of the play othello has a hamartia of 'No thinking' and rush action, that's why at  the very end of the play with his rush kind of action killed his wife Desdemona without thinking and killed himself as well that is  his hamartia.



Ans:3

There are many  literary works which I have study during my B. A.  Programme is that All my sons by Arthur Miller, tughlaq by Girish karnad etc which followed concept of unity,  catharsis, hamartia etc except othello by Shakespeare,  who doesn't  follow  the unity of time, place and action.


Ans:4

  Yes, I have studied tragedies during my B. A.  Programme.

 Tragic hero                            Hamartia

Oedipus,                             hasty in temper,
Samson,                             sensually uxorious, 
Macbeth,                            ambitious,
Othello,                               No thinking, proud,
Hamlet.                               Too much thinking.

Here, I am discuss only one tragedy 'Othello' written by Shakespeare.

 
Othello is the tragic protagonist in the tragedy. He was the soldier and at the very end of the play he done very rush kind of action he killed her own wife  whiout  thinking, here hamartia is that no thinking and than he knows the reality and feels regret and killed himself as well, here the tragic end of the protagonist of tragedy.


Ans:5

Yes,  'plot' of these  tragedies like Othello,  Macbeth,  tughlaq,  hairy ape etc.  Follow necessary rules and regulations proposed by Aristotle.

According to Aristotle, the plot is very important component of tragedy. We can say plot is the soul of tragedy.
Aristotle defines it as,
" The harmonious arrangement of the incidents ."
The causes and effect chain of actions are superior to those who are depended on the character of the protagonist.
Aristotle also talks about the qualities which the plot should have.  He says that the plot must have beginning,  middle and end. The beginning should start not by depending on any outside things and the end should be the result of the beginning and the middle.
    Secondly, he says that the plot must have unity of action.  It means that any outside intervention should be avoided. He says that worst kind of plot is episodic in which one episode becames successful without the link or connection with other.